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The objective of this study was to evaluate follicular growth and ovulatory rates in mares treated with an intravaginal progesterone device (P4) during the 10-day period, associated with the use of estradiol benzoate (EB). The results were compared during the transition period (ET) in the spring and the breeding season in the summer (ER). The variables were submitted to ANOVA (Tukey's test), considering P<0.05. No ovulation occurred during the permanence of the P4 implant in both experimental periods. The ovulatory rate in the ER was 100% (n = 8) and in the ET 62.5% (n = 5; P = 0.0547). Significant differences were observed (<0.001), in both periods, comparing follicular growth rates during the permanence of P4 device (ER: 1.33 ± 0.89mm/d; ET: 1.00 ± 0.81mm/d) to the period without P4 (ER: 3.63 ± 1.33 mm/d; ET: 3.31 ± 1.66 mm/d). The present study demonstrated applicability and efficiency of a hormonal protocol using P4 intravaginal device and EB for follicular control in mares, both during ET and ER.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de crescimento folicular e a taxa ovulatória em éguas tratadas com dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (P4) durante o período de 10 dias, associado à utilização de benzoato de estradiol (BE). Os resultados foram comparados durante o período de transição (ET) da primavera com a época de reprodução no verão (ER). As variáveis foram submetidas à ANOVA (teste de Tukey), considerando-se P<0,05. Nenhuma ovulação ocorreu durante a permanência do dispositivo de P4 em ambos os períodos experimentais. A taxa ovulatória na ER foi de 100% (n = 8) e na ET, de 62,5% (n=5; P=0,0547). Diferença significativas (<0,001) foram observadas, em ambos os períodos experimentais, comparando as taxas de crescimento folicular durante a permanência da P4 (ER: 1,33 ± 0,89mm/d; ET: 1,00 ± 0,81mm/d) com o período sem P4 (ER: 3,63 ± 1,33mm/d; ET: 3,31 ± 1,66mm/d). O presente estudo demonstrou aplicabilidade e eficiência do protocolo hormonal utilizando dispositivo intravaginal de P4 e BE para controle folicular de éguas, tanto na ET quanto na ER.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Progesterone/administration & dosage , Benzoates , Estradiol , Horses/physiology , Ovulation , Seasons , Administration, Intravaginal , Analysis of Variance , Ovarian Follicle/physiologyABSTRACT
Background: Ovulatory dysfunction is a common cause of female infertility, occurring in up to 20 - 30% of infertile women. The most commonly prescribed ovulation drugs are clomiphene citrate (CC), tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors (such as letrozole) and gonadotropins. Objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of clomiphene citrate, letrozole and tamoxifen for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility.Methods: Randomized open label interventional clinical trial. Patients were randomized to 3 drug groups. After baseline investigations, they were subjected to ovulation induction and then USG monitoring of follicular growth and ovulation. The primary outcome measured was occurrence of conception. Secondary outcome was effect on endometrial thickness and ovulation rate.Results: In the study, letrozole group showed 100% mono-follicular response. Mid cycle endometrial thickness in about 17% of cases in CC group is ≤8 mm. But all the cases in tamoxifen and letrozole group have ET >8 mm. This difference is statistically significant. The ovulation and conception rates are highest in letrozole group but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Letrozole produces higher mid cycle endometrial thickness, 100% mono follicular development than clomiphene and tamoxifen. This difference is found to be statistically significant. Ovulation rate and conception rate is highest in letrozole group. But there is no statistically significant difference among the three drugs.
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OBJECTIVE@#To review systematically the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture-related therapies on ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).@*METHODS@#From PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database and VIP database, the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PCOS were retrieved in the period from the date of database establishment to January 8, 2018. Two researchers screened the articles, extracted the data and assessed the bias risk of the eligible trials independently. Using Stata 13.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 software, the data were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 39 RCTs were collected, including 4605 cases of PCOS and 14 kinds of acupuncture-related therapies and the comprehensive therapies. The short-term therapeutic effects were observed. The results of mesh meta-analysis showed: regarding the ovulation rate, the effects of the acupuncture-medication therapy were better than western medication. The top 6 therapeutic measures were the treatment with acupoint thread-embedding therapy and medication (93.3%), the treatment with moxibustion and Chinese herbal medicine (91.4%), moxibustion (74.5%), the treatment with acupuncture and medication (65.7%), the treatment with acupuncture-moxibustion and auricular point therapy (61.9%) and the treatment with acupuncture and auricular point therapy (49.6%). Regarding the pregnancy rate, the effects of the acupuncture-medication therapy were better than western medication. The top 6 therapeutic measures were the treatment with acupuncture and auricular point therapy (91.5%), the treatment with moxibustion and Chinese herbal medication (86.9%), the treatment with acupuncture-moxibustion and auricular point therapy (81.1%), the treatment with acupoint thread-embedding therapy and medication (69.4%), the treatment with acupuncture and medication (66.1%) and the treatment with placebo and western medication (58.7%).@*CONCLUSION@#Among acupuncture-related therapies, the combined treatment is more advantageous than single therapy and its safety is superior to western medication. The combined therapies are various in advantages. Because of the limitation of the present researches, it needs a large scale of RCTs with rational design, high quality and proper methods to verify this research conclusion.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Acupuncture Therapy , China , Network Meta-Analysis , Ovulation , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Therapeutics , Pregnancy Rate , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effects of metformin combined with clomiphene on endocrine index, vascular endothelial function, pregnancy rate and ovulation rate in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).@*Methods@#From January 2018 to January 2019, 60 cases of PCOS with infertility treated in Zhuji People's Hospital were studied.According to the random number table, they were divided into control group and study group, with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with clomiphene, while the study group was treated with metformin and clomiphene.The levels of endocrine indicators including follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), pituitary prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.The levels of fasting insulin (FIN), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin resistance index (HOM-IR) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.The pregnancy rate, ovulation rate and abortion rate were observed and compared between the two groups after treatment.@*Results@#In the comparison of endocrine indicators, the levels of LH, PRL, T, E2, FIN and FPG in the control group[(8.84±1.13)IU/L, (18.57±2.13)μg/L, (2.75±0.54)nmol/L, (62.49±5.73)ng/L, (16.55±7.84)IU/mL, (5.16±0.74)mmol/L] were improved after treatment compared with before treatment[(16.32±1.26)IU/L, (20.48±3.29)μg/L, (3.88±0.64)nmol/L, (59.13±4.95)ng/L, (21.33±5.32)IU/mL, (5.67±0.81)mmol/L; t=24.207, 2.669, 7.391, 2.431, 2.763, 2.546, P=0.000, 0.005, 0.000, 0.009, 0.004, 0.007], while the levels of FSH and HOM-IR were not significantly improved after treatment[(5.32±1.53)IU/L, (3.19±1.41)] compared with before treatment[(5.44±1.69)IU/L, (3.64±2.15); t=0.288, 0.959, P=0.387, 0.171]. The levels of LH, PRL, T, E2, FIN, FPG and HOM-IR in the study group[(6.25±1.47)IU/L, (16.24±2.16)μg/L, (3.79±0.83)nmol/L, (68.82±4.67)ng/L, (12.69±6.24)IU/mL, (4.63±0.71)mmol/L, (2.55±1.43)] were significantly improved after treatment compared with before treatment (t=24.576, 5.437, 9.277, 6.779, 5.479, 5.621, 2.018, P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.020), and the decrease of FSH was not significant after treatment[(5.17±1.55)IU/L, (5.21±1.54)IU/L]. After treatment, the levels of LH, PRL, T, FIN, FPG and HOM-IR in the study group decreased significantly, while the level of E2 increased significantly compared with those in the control group[(6.25±1.47)IU/L, (16.24±2.16)ug/L; t=7.651, 4.207, P=0.000, 0.000]. After treatment, CIMT in both two groups[(0.075±0.018)mm, (0.067±0.016)mm]was lower than before treatment[(0.088±0.028)mm, (0.088±0.022)mm], and the improvement in the study group was better than the control group(t=1.819, P=0.037). The body mass index (BMI) and endometrial thickness of the two groups were decreased after treatment[(24.53±3.11)kg/m2, (23.15±3.17)kg/m2, (9.46±0.72)mm, (8.89±0.67)mm] compared with before treatment[(26.91±4.02)kg/m2, (27.03±3.85)kg/m2, (12.03±0.45)mm, (11.92±0.53)mm], and the improvement degree of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group(t=1.702, 3.174, P=0.047, 0.001). As to clinical outcomes, the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate of the study group (50.00%, 76.67%) were higher than those of the control group (20.00%, 50.00%)(χ2=5.034, χ2=4.593, all P<0.05), and the abortion rate of the study group (3.33%) was lower than that of the control group (13.33%), but there was no statistically significant difference (χ2=1.964, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Metformin combined with clomiphene can effectively improve the level of endocrine indicators, regulate insulin resistance, improve BMI, reduce endometrial thickness, correct hyperandrogenic status, effectively promote ovulation, improve pregnancy rate and achieve obvious therapeutic effect in PCOS patients with infertility.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical efficacy and action mechanism of acupuncture for ovulatory disorder infertility of ovarian induction period with clomiphene citrate (CC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Through retrospective analysis, 36 patients with ovulatory disorder infertility were divided into CC group (16 cases) and acupuoture group (20 cases) by method. The patients in the CC group were treated with oral administration of CC (50 mg) for 5 days from the 5th day of menstruation; based on the treatment of CC, patients in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture; the group A of acupoint was mainly consisted of acupoints of the conception vessel and the three meridians and front- acupoints in abdomen; the group B of acupoint was mainly consisted of acupoints of the governor vessel and back- acupoints. The two groups of the acupoints were selected alternately, combined with the -guan points (Taichong (LR 3)、Hegu (LI 4)) and five- points. The needles were inserted with flying needling method, and the needles were retained for 30 min per treatment; acupuncture was given once every other day. All the patients were treated for 2 months, and treatment stopped if pregnancy occurred. The pregnancy rate, cycle ovulation rate, maximum diameter of follicle, endometrial thickness and adverse effects were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pregnancy rate of the acupuncture group was 75.0% (15/20), which was superior to 37.5% (6/16) in the CC group (<0.05). The cycle ovulation rates of two groups were 70.4% (19/27, >0.05). The maximum diameter of follicle and the endometrium thickness in the acupuncture group were superior to those in the CC group (both <0.05). The incidence of adverse effects in the acupuncture group was 0% (0/20), which was lower than 18.8% (3/16) in the CC group (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b> acupuncture combined with CC could improve the quality of follicle and the receptivity of endometrium in patients with ovulatory disorder infertility, so as to improve the pregnancy rate, which could be used as a safe and effective means to cooperate with modern assisted reproductive technology.</p>
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever um caso de parto quadrigemelar em uma ovelha da raça Santa Inês. Em abril de 2013, foi atendida, em uma propriedade rural no município de Santa Cruz da Conceição, estado de São Paulo, uma ovelha da raça Sant Inês que havia parido quatro cordeiros. Nasceram três fêmeas, com pelagem marrom, branca e preta, e um macho, com pelagem preta. No período de uma hora após o parto, todos os cordeiros ficaram em pé e mamaram o colostro. A ovelha não rejeitou nenhum dos cordeiros...
The study aimed to describe a case of Santa Inês ewe having quadruplets. In April of 2013 on a farm in Santa Cruz da Conceição, São Paulo, a Santa Inês sheep that had calved 4 lambs was assisted. There were three females and one male, the females had brown coats, white and black, and the male had a black coat. Within 1 hour after birth all lambs were standing and suckled colostrum. The ewe did not reject any of the lambs...
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/growth & development , Pregnancy, Quadruplet , Birth Rate , Ovulation , Reproductive BehaviorABSTRACT
The effect of season and body condition on the follicular development and the ovulation rate in Pelibuey ewes were assessed. During the periods August-November and February-May, 38 ewes were distributed in two groups according to their body condition score: high body condition (HBC) and low body condition (LBC). Estrus was detected twice a day and the ovaries were daily examined by ultrasonography through an interestral period. Ovulation rate (OR) was determined by ultrasonography and then confirmed by laparoscopy. An effect of body condition on the estrous length was found (29.6 ± 2.3 and 20.2 ± 2.5 h HBC and LBC, respectively), whereas there were no differences in the estrous cycle length and the maximum follicular diameter. The number of follicles > 4 mm and the ovulation rate were higher in ewes of high body condition and during the main reproductive season (1.8 vs 1.3 and 2.0 vs 1.4 OR and follicles, respectively).
Se evaluó el efecto del periodo del año y de la condición corporal sobre el desarrollo folicular y la tasa ovulatoria en ovejas de la raza Pelibuey. En los periodos de agosto-noviembre y febrero-mayo, 38 ovejas fueron distribuidas en dos grupos de acuerdo con su condición corporal: condición corporal alta (CCA) y condición corporal baja (CCB). Se trabajó durante dos veces al día para detectar estros, además los ovarios de las ovejas fueron examinados diariamente mediante ultrasonografía durante un periodo interestral. La tasa ovulatoria se determinó con ultrasonografía y se confirmó por medio de laparoscopía. Se encontró efecto de la condición corporal sobre la duración del estro (29.6 ± 2.3 y 20.2 ± 2.5 h CCA y CCB, respectivamente), mientras que no se observaron diferencias en la duración del ciclo estral y el diámetro folicular máximo. La tasa ovulatoria y el número de folículos > 4 mm fue mayor en las ovejas de CCA y en la época de mayor actividad reproductiva (1.8 vs 1.3 y 2.0 vs 1.4 TO y folículos, respectivamente).
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Avaliou-se o efeito da restrição na frequência de amamentação sobre o diâmetro folicular no dia 0 (DFOL), sobre a taxa de ovulação (TO), e sobre a incidência de luteólise prematura no primeiro ciclo estral pós-parto (ILP) de vacas Nelore multíparas, em anestro, submetidas à amamentação ad libitum (controle; n= 115) ou amamentação uma vez ao dia (restrito; n= 109), entre os dias -14 e 9 do experimento, e estudou-se o efeito desses tratamentos sobre o peso à desmama da progênie dessas vacas. Induziu-se ovulação com remoção de bezerros entre os dias -2 e 0 e aplicação de 100μg de GnRH no dia 0. Somente animais que ovularam foram mantidos no experimento (n= 125). A ocorrência de luteólise prematura foi avaliada por meio da dosagem da concentração sérica de progesterona nos dias 5 e 9. A TO não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos (55,8 por cento; P>0,1), e as vacas do tratamento restrito apresentaram maior DFOL (10,90±0,26 vs. 10,18±0,21mm; P<0,05) e menor ILP (21,4 por cento vs. 43,5 por cento; P<0,05). Os bezerros do tratamento controle foram mais pesados (162,32±2,08 vs. 155,91±4,12kg; P<0,05). Conclui-se que a restrição na frequência de amamentação em vacas Nelore reduz a ILP, porém com possível efeito negativo no desenvolvimento dos bezerros.
The effects of restricted suckling on follicular diameter at day 0 (FDDO), ovulation rate (OR), and incidence of premature luteolysis in the first post partum estrous cycle (PLI) of Nelore cows and the effects on weight at weaning (WW) of progenie of these cows were evaluated. Multiparous anestrous postpartum Nelore cows were submitted to ad libitum suckling (control; n= 115) or once-a-day suckling (restricted; n= 109) from days -14 to 9 of the experiment. For both treatments, a temporary calf removal was performed from days -2 to 0, and on day 0 cows received 100μg of GnRH. Only animals that ovulated after GnRH treatment were used in the experiment (n= 125). The occurrence of premature luteolysis was evaluated by dosage of serum progesterone concentrations on days 5th and 9th. The OR was not affected by treatments (55.8 percent; P>0.1), but cows from restricted treatment had larger FDDO at time of GnRH treatment (10.90±0.26 vs. 10.18±0.21mm; P<0.05) and lower PLI (21.4 percent vs. 43.5 percent; P<0.05) than cows from control treatment. Calves from control treatment had higher WW than calves from restricted treatment (162.32±2.08 vs. 155.91±4.12kg; P<0.05). These results indicate that the restriction in frequency of suckling in Nelore cows may decrease the incidence of premature luteolysis in the first postpartum estrous cycle; however, with possible negative effects on calves development.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Estrous Cycle , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone , Luteolysis , Cattle , Ovulation Prediction/adverse effects , Ovulation Prediction/methods , Ovulation Prediction/veterinary , WeaningABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of domoxifen combined with tamoxifen on ovulation in clomiphene-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods 100 patients who was resistant to CG were randomly divided into two groups:the treatment group (group A) and control group (group B). Oral dosing CC 100mg/d to the patients of group A in the first 3th to 7th days of menses,at the same time,oral dosing tamoxifen 40mg/d in the first 3th to 7th days of menstrual cycle. The dose of CC to group B was same as group A. Beginning to monitor the case of follicular growth during the 8th day of menses. When a ovarian follicle' s diameter beyond 18mm or 2 ovarian follicle' s diameter beyond 17mm, intramuscular injection hCG 10 000IU, sexing after 36 hours later. Observing the two groups of the mature ovarian number,the endometrial thickness, the days of promoting ovulation ,the level of progesterone in serum about the 22th day of menstrual cycle, ovulation rate and pregnancy rate, after injecting hCG.Results The day after injecting hCG, the mature ovarian follicle number,the endometrial thickness, the level of progesterone in serum about the 22th day of menstrual cycle,ovulation rate and pregnancy rate,group A was significantly different from group B( P ＜0.05 ～ P ＜0. 01 ) ,the days of promoting ovulation have no statistically significant differences between the groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion In the clomiphene-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome,tamoxifen could promote ovulation,improve the effect of CC on the uterus' s anti-estrogen,increase endometrial thickness, elevate ovulation rate and pregnancy rate.